A Novel Multi-Band Patch Antenna on Metamaterial Substrate for Ku band applications

In this paper, a metamaterial based compact multiband microstrip antenna is proposed which can give high gain and directivity. Metamaterial are periodic structures and have been intensively investigated due to the particular features such as ultra-refraction phenomenon and negative permittivity and/or permeability. A metamaterial based microstrip patch antenna with enhanced characteristics and multi band operation will be investigated in this work. The multiple frequency operation will be achieved by varying the capacitance of the metamaterial structure with the help of metallic loadings placed in each metamaterial unit cells. The potential impacts will be miniaturization, reduced cost and reduced power consumption since multiple antennas operating at different frequencies are replaced by a single antenna which can operate at multiple frequencies. The proposed microstrip patch antenna will have its frequencies of operation in the Ku band. The proposed structure is simulated using HFSS

Techniques Used in Biometric Authentication - Applicability and Future Scope

In recent past, biometrics has emerged rapidly with its worldwide applications for daily living. Novel trends and new developments have been proposed to obtain and pursue many diverse biometric traits. The ignored challenge in the precedent and potential issues need to be addressed together and intensely integrated. The main objective of the paper is to keep up with the innovative technologies on some current theoretical development as well as fresh trends of biometric applications. The topics covered in this paper reflect well both aspects of development. This paper deals with the techniques used for biometric authentication and their future possibilities. This paper also focus on the applicability, strengths and weaknesses of several biometric recognition systems with a comprehensive review of the developments in this field

Time Domain Signal Detection for MIMO OFDM

The MIMO techniques with OFDM is regarded as a promising solution for increasing data rates, for wireless access qualities of future wireless local area networks, fourth generation wireless communication systems, and for high capacity, as well as better performance. Hence as part of continued research, in this paper an attempt is made to carry out modelling, analysis, channel matrix estimation, synchronization and simulation of MIMO-OFDM system. A time domain signal detection algorithm can be based on Second Order Statistics (SOS) proposed for MIMO-OFDM system over frequency selective fading channels. In this algorithm, an equalizer is first inserted to reduce the MIMO channels to ones with channel length shorter than or equal to the Cyclic Prefix (CP) length. A system model in which the ith received OFDM block left shifted by j samples introduced. MIMO OFDM system model which uses the equalizer can be designed using SOS of the received signal vector to cancel the most of the Inter Symbol Interference (ISI). The transmitted signals are then detected from the equalizer output. In the proposed algorithm, only 2P (P transmitted antennas / users in the MIMO-OFDM system) columns of the channel matrix need to be estimated and channel length estimation is unnecessary, which is an advantage over an existing algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applicable for irrespective of whether the channel length is shorter than, equal to or longer than the CP length. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and shows that it out performs the existing one in all cases

Endemic Fluorosis and Occurrence Gastrointestinal Disorders in Prakasam District A.P.

Fluoride has been known to cause significant effect on human health through drinking water. Excessive ingestion of fluorides not only causes dental and skeletal fluorosis but also leads to gastro intestinal disturbances. Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh, India is having severe fluorosis. In the present study epidemiological survey was conducted in five villages of Prakasam district regarding the incidence of Gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, bloody vomiting, Pain in the upper part of the abdomen and blotting in the upper abdomen after eating. The results showed that nausea was found in 23 % of population. Loss of appetite was found in 18 % of villagers. Indigestion, bloody vomit was very low (6%) Experimental results show that male albino rats with ingestion of 4mg/L of fluorides for 120 days caused damage to the intestinal mucosa and sub mucosa. The possible reasons for the gastrointestinal problems and mechanism of action of fluorides on gastrointestinal tract was discussed

Encounted Malware Using Spyware In Delay Tolerant Network

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) have some kind of system attributes because of which discovering a pernicious and narrow minded conduct in the system is incredible test in DTN. So framework with iTrust, a probabilistic mischief identification plan for secure DTN steering towards proficient trust foundation is proposed here. The essential sign of iTrust is introducing an intermittently existing Trusted Authority (TA) to judge the hubs to conduct in light of the gathered directing confirmations and probabilistic assessment. It additionally gives verification in secure way to all the clients in correspondence system. Proposed framework will distinguish every one of the sorts of assault happened in the system and recognize the malevolent client in system. Trouble making of hub speaks to a genuine danger against directing in deferral tolerant system. In this paper primarily center to enhance the bundle misfortune amid the transmission of parcel one hub to another, furthermore it manages childish and pernicious hub. This paper presents an intermittently accessible trusted power. TA judges any hub in the system by gathering the history proof from upstream and downstream hub. TA could rebuff and remunerate the hub in light of its practices. Every hub must pay the store before it joins into the systems, and the store will be paid after, then the hub leave if there is no mischievousactivitiesof hub. This paper additionally concentrates on security between the hubs in DTN. We presented a mystery key which is created and utilized to share the information. The mystery key is consequently changed when the hub joins a system and leaves a system in light of quick randomized calculation. So we can expand the level of security in postponed tolerant system

A computational framework to emulate the human perspective in flow cytometric data analysis

Background: In recent years, intense research efforts have focused on developing methods for automated flow cytometric data analysis. However, while designing such applications, little or no attention has been paid to the human perspective that is absolutely central to the manual gating process of identifying and characterizing cell populations. In particular, the assumption of many common techniques that cell populations could be modeled reliably with pre-specified distributions may not hold true in real-life samples, which can have populations of arbitrary shapes and considerable inter-sample variation. <p/>Results: To address this, we developed a new framework flowScape for emulating certain key aspects of the human perspective in analyzing flow data, which we implemented in multiple steps. First, flowScape begins with creating a mathematically rigorous map of the high-dimensional flow data landscape based on dense and sparse regions defined by relative concentrations of events around modes. In the second step, these modal clusters are connected with a global hierarchical structure. This representation allows flowScape to perform ridgeline analysis for both traversing the landscape and isolating cell populations at different levels of resolution. Finally, we extended manual gating with a new capacity for constructing templates that can identify target populations in terms of their relative parameters, as opposed to the more commonly used absolute or physical parameters. This allows flowScape to apply such templates in batch mode for detecting the corresponding populations in a flexible, sample-specific manner. We also demonstrated different applications of our framework to flow data analysis and show its superiority over other analytical methods. <p/>Conclusions: The human perspective, built on top of intuition and experience, is a very important component of flow cytometric data analysis. By emulating some of its approaches and extending these with automation and rigor, flowScape provides a flexible and robust framework for computational cytomics

The interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic bounded noises in genetic networks

After being considered as a nuisance to be filtered out, it became recently clear that biochemical noise plays a complex role, often fully functional, for a genetic network. The influence of intrinsic and extrinsic noises on genetic networks has intensively been investigated in last ten years, though contributions on the co-presence of both are sparse. Extrinsic noise is usually modeled as an unbounded white or colored gaussian stochastic process, even though realistic stochastic perturbations are clearly bounded. In this paper we consider Gillespie-like stochastic models of nonlinear networks, i.e. the intrinsic noise, where the model jump rates are affected by colored bounded extrinsic noises synthesized by a suitable biochemical state-dependent Langevin system. These systems are described by a master equation, and a simulation algorithm to analyze them is derived. This new modeling paradigm should enlarge the class of systems amenable at modeling. We investigated the influence of both amplitude and autocorrelation time of a extrinsic Sine-Wiener noise on: $(i)$ the Michaelis-Menten approximation of noisy enzymatic reactions, which we show to be applicable also in co-presence of both intrinsic and extrinsic noise, $(ii)$ a model of enzymatic futile cycle and $(iii)$ a genetic toggle switch. In $(ii)$ and $(iii)$ we show that the presence of a bounded extrinsic noise induces qualitative modifications in the probability densities of the involved chemicals, where new modes emerge, thus suggesting the possibile functional role of bounded noises

A Genome-Wide Analysis of Promoter-Mediated Phenotypic Noise in Escherichia coli

Gene expression is subject to random perturbations that lead to fluctuations in the rate of protein production. As a consequence, for any given protein, genetically identical organisms living in a constant environment will contain different amounts of that particular protein, resulting in different phenotypes. This phenomenon is known as “phenotypic noise.” In bacterial systems, previous studies have shown that, for specific genes, both transcriptional and translational processes affect phenotypic noise. Here, we focus on how the promoter regions of genes affect noise and ask whether levels of promoter-mediated noise are correlated with genes' functional attributes, using data for over 60% of all promoters in Escherichia coli. We find that essential genes and genes with a high degree of evolutionary conservation have promoters that confer low levels of noise. We also find that the level of noise cannot be attributed to the evolutionary time that different genes have spent in the genome of E. coli. In contrast to previous results in eukaryotes, we find no association between promoter-mediated noise and gene expression plasticity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in bacteria, natural selection can act to reduce gene expression noise and that some of this noise is controlled through the sequence of the promoter region alon

Consumer perceptions of co-branding alliances: Organizational dissimilarity signals and brand fit

This study explores how consumers evaluate co-branding alliances between dissimilar partner firms. Customers are well aware that different firms are behind a co-branded product and observe the partner firms’ characteristics. Drawing on signaling theory, we assert that consumers use organizational characteristics as signals in their assessment of brand fit and for their purchasing decisions. Some organizational signals are beyond the control of the co-branding partners or at least they cannot alter them on short notice. We use a quasi-experimental design and test how co-branding partner dissimilarity affects brand fit perception. The results show that co-branding partner dissimilarity in terms of firm size, industry scope, and country-of-origin image negatively affects brand fit perception. Firm age dissimilarity does not exert significant influence. Because brand fit generally fosters a benevolent consumer attitude towards a co-branding alliance, the findings suggest that high partner dissimilarity may reduce overall co-branding alliance performance